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Mammogram
Studies Raise Doubts About Test’s Ability to Save Lives
A review of two studies in The Lancet has concluded that mammograms
do not prevent women from dying of breast cancer or help them to avoid
mastectomies, as we have been led to believe.
For more than 20 years, annual mammogram screenings have been recommended
for millions of women, with the American Cancer Society and the National
Cancer Institute urging women to have them on a yearly basis. Women have
long been promised that if they underwent a mammography every year starting
at age 50, the resulting early detection would reduce their chances of
dying from breast cancer by about 30 percent. They’ve also been told that
it would enable them to avoid radical surgery and chemotherapy that might
be needed to control a larger tumor found later.
Where did this statistic of a 30% reduction in death from breast cancer
come from? A 25-year-old New York study of over 60,000 women showed
that over an 18-year period, 196 women who never were screened by mammography
died compared to 153 who underwent the screening. But researchers
now argue that these results are likely due to chance and do not show the
benefit of mammography.
The first of two subsequent studies, done in Canada, involved 44,925
women who had mammograms and 44,910 who did not. There were 120 deaths
from breast cancer in the screened group and 111 deaths among the women
who served as controls. The investigators also found that mammography did
not lead to fewer mastectomies, an operation that removes the breast.
A more recent study in Sweden compared 21,088 women who had mammograms
to 21,195 who did not undergo the yearly test. After nearly nine years,
63 women in the group receiving the mammograms had died of breast cancer,
compared with 66 in the control group - an insignificant difference.
Other data showed an actual increase in surgeries among the women who had
been given the screenings, with 424 in the mammography group undergoing
mastectomies as opposed to just 339 in the control group. One reason
may be that doctors aggressively treated some tiny tumors found in mammograms
-- tumors that might never have developed into cancer.
Each woman must decide for herself the value of this screening tool
and consider the risks versus benefits. In the past, others have
questioned if frequent irradiation of the breast tissue may actually cause
breast cancer. That answer is still uncertain. However, a low saturated-fat
diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, low in meat, and high in tofu
and miso has been proven to significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Combining that with an exercise program may be the best way to avoid
becoming a statistic of a devastating disease.
At the Magaziner Center for Wellness, we have also been using a new
laboratory study whereby we evaluate the different fractions of estrogen
metabolites. This can be a valuable tool in helping to identify whether
or not you are at high risk for breast cancer and in determining the need
for subsequent intervention that can lower your risk.
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